Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

v3.23.2
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

 

The unaudited interim financial statements of Pressure BioSciences, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) included herein have been prepared by the Company in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Under these rules and regulations, some information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been shortened or omitted. Management believes that all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the financial position and the results of operations for the periods shown have been made. All adjustments are normal and recurring. These financial statements should be read together with the Company’s audited financial statements included in its Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. Operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the final results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023.

 

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

 

The Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which require the use of estimates, judgements and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Global concerns about the COVID-19 pandemic have adversely affected, and we expect will continue to adversely affect, our business, financial condition and results of operations including the estimates and assumptions made by management. Significant estimates and assumptions include valuations of share-based awards, investments in equity securities and intangible asset impairment. Actual results could differ from the estimates, and such differences may be material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, as part of its overall simplification initiative to reduce costs and complexity of applying accounting standards while maintaining or improving the usefulness of the information provided to users of financial statements. Among other changes, the new guidance removes the beneficial conversion separation model for convertible debt. As a result, after adopting the guidance, entities will no longer account for beneficial conversion features in equity. The guidance is effective for public business entities, other than small reporting company’s financial statements starting January 1, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company is a small reporting company and early adopted the new guidance on January 1, 2022 using the modified retrospective approach and recorded a cumulative effect of adoption equal to a $2,728,243 decrease in additional paid in capital and a $2,255,216 decrease in accumulated deficit. There is no material impact to the Company’s statements of operations or cash flows as the result of the adoption of ASU 2020-06.

 

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held. We adopted this new accounting guidance effective January 1, 2023. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures and did not significantly impact the Company’s accounting policies or estimation methods related to the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company does not have any reserve for doubtful accounts due to its customers being distributors, universities, research organizations and government agencies. In the past several years, all its customers have paid in full without any need for a write-down.

 

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

 

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Pressure BioSciences, Inc., and its wholly owned subsidiaries PBI BioSeq, Inc. and PBI Agrochem, Inc. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

 

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

 

We recognize revenue in accordance with FASB ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs—Contracts with Customers. Revenue is measured based on a consideration specified in a contract with a customer, and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. We enter sales contracts that may consist of multiple distinct performance obligations where certain performance obligations of the sales contract are not delivered in one reporting period. We measure and allocate revenue according to ASC 606-10.

 

We identify a performance obligation as distinct if both the following criteria are true: the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and the entity’s promise to transfer the good or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. Determining the standalone selling price (“SSP”) and allocation of consideration from a contract to the individual performance obligations, and the appropriate timing of revenue recognition, is the result of significant qualitative and quantitative judgments. Management considers a variety of factors such as historical sales, usage rates, costs, and expected margin, which may vary over time depending upon the unique facts and circumstances related to each performance obligation in making these estimates. While changes in the allocation of the SSP between performance obligations will not affect the amount of total revenue recognized for a particular contract, any material changes could impact the timing of revenue recognition, which would have a material effect on our financial position and result of operations. This is because the contract consideration is allocated to each performance obligation, delivered or undelivered, at the inception of the contract based on the SSP of each distinct performance obligation.

 

Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue.

 

Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are in included in cost of revenues as consistent with treatment in prior periods.

 

Our current Barocycler® instruments require a basic level of instrumentation expertise to set-up for initial operation. To support a favorable first experience for our customers, upon customer request, and for an additional fee, we will send a highly trained technical representative to the customer site to install Barocyclers® that we sell, lease, or rent through our domestic sales force. The installation process includes uncrating and setting up the instrument, followed by introductory user training. Our sales arrangements do not provide our customers with a right of return. Any shipping costs billed to customers are recognized as revenue.

 

Most of our instrument and consumable contracts contain pricing that is based on the market price for the product at the time of delivery. Our obligations to deliver product volumes are typically satisfied and revenue is recognized when control of the product transfers to our customers. Concurrent with the transfer of control, we typically receive the right to payment for the shipped product and the customer takes on the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the product. Payment terms require customers to pay shortly after delivery and do not contain significant financing components.

 

Revenue from scientific services customers is recognized upon completion of each stage of service as defined in service agreements.

 

We apply ASC 845, “Accounting for Non-Monetary Transactions”, to account for products and services sold through non-cash transactions based on the fair values of the products and services involved, where such values can be determined. Non-cash exchanges would require revenue to be recognized at recorded cost or carrying value of the assets or services sold if any of the following conditions apply:

 

  a) The fair value of the asset or service involved is not determinable.
     
  b) The transaction is an exchange of a product or property held for sale in the ordinary course of business for a product or property to be sold in the same line of business to facilitate sales to customers other than the parties to the exchange.
     
  c) The transaction lacks commercial substance.

 

We recognize revenue for non-cash transactions at recorded cost or carrying value of the assets or services sold.

 

 

We account for lease agreements of our instruments in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. We record revenue over the life of the lease term, and we record depreciation expense on a straight-line basis over the thirty-six-month estimated useful life of the Barocycler® instrument. The depreciation expense associated with assets under lease agreement is included in the “Cost of PCT products and services” line item in our accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Many of our lease and rental agreements allow the lessee to purchase the instrument at any point during the term of the agreement with partial or full credit for payments previously made. We pay all maintenance costs associated with the instrument during the term of the leases.

 

Deferred revenue represents amounts received from service contracts for which the related revenues have not been recognized because one or more of the revenue recognition criteria have not been met. Revenue from service contracts is recorded ratably over the length of the contract.

 

Disaggregation of revenue

 

In the following table, revenue is disaggregated by primary geographical market, major product line, and timing of revenue recognition.

 

In thousands of US dollars ($)   Three Months Ended
June 30,
    Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
Primary geographical markets   2023     2022     2023     2022  
North America   $ 261     $ 253     $ 816     $ 571  
Europe     18       2       54       48  
Asia     233       243       382       359  
    $ 512     $ 498     $ 1,252     $ 978  

 

    Three Months Ended
June 30,
    Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
Major products/services lines   2023     2022     2023     2022  
Hardware   $ 293     $ 247     $ 721     $ 531  
Consumables     57       76       123       116  
Contract research services     31       110       36       125  
Sample preparation accessories     37       21       82       52  
Technical support/extended service contracts     46       36       89       53  
                                 
Agrochem Products     35       -       166       83  
Shipping and handling     8       8       27       18  
Other     5       -       8       -  
    $ 512     $ 498     $ 1,252     $ 978  

 

    Three Months Ended
June 30,
    Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
Timing of revenue recognition   2023     2022     2023     2022  
Products transferred at a point in time   $ 435     $ 352     $ 1,127     $ 800  
Services transferred over time     77       146       125       178  
    $ 512     $ 498     $ 1,252     $ 978  

 

Contract balances

In thousands of US dollars ($)  

June 30,

2023

   

December 31,

2022

 
Receivables, which are included in ‘Accounts Receivable’   $ 189     $ 295  
Contract liabilities (deferred revenue)     64       60  

 

 

Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations

 

The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period.

 

In thousands of US dollars ($)   2023     2024     Total  
Extended warranty service   $ 58     $ 6     $ 64  

 

All consideration from contracts with customers is included in the amounts presented above.

 

Contract Costs

 

The Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses. The costs to obtain a contract are recorded immediately in the period when the revenue is recognized either upon shipment or installation. The costs to obtain a service contract are considered immaterial when spread over the life of the contract so the Company records the costs immediately upon billing.

 

Concentrations

Concentrations

 

Credit Risk

 

Our financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, and trade receivables. We have cash investment policies which, among other things, limit investments to investment-grade securities. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers, and the risk with respect to trade receivables is further mitigated by the fact that many of our customers are government institutions, large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, and academic laboratories.

 

The following table illustrates the level of concentration as a percentage of total revenues during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

 

    Three Months Ended
June 30,
    Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
    2023     2022     2023     2022  
Top five customers     70

%

    69 %    

55

%    

61

%
Federal agencies    

1

%    

0

%     1 %     0 %

 

The following table illustrates the level of concentration as a percentage of net accounts receivable balance as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Top Five Customers category may include federal agency receivable balances if applicable.

 

    June 30,
2023
    December 31,
2022
 
Top Five Customers     72 %     93 %
Federal Agencies     0 %     0 %

 

Product Supply

Product Supply

 

In recent years we utilized a contract assembler for our Barocycler® 2320EXT. They provided us with precision manufacturing services that included management support services to meet our specific application and operational requirements. Among the services provided to us were:

 

  CNC Machining
  Contract Assembly & Kitting
  Component and Subassembly Design
  Inventory Management
  ISO certification

 

 

Beginning in July 2021, we brought the assembly of our Barocycler 2320EXT instruments in-house. This became necessary when our independent contract assembler (CBM Industries) informed us that they were about to need 100% of their assembly space for one of their customers (one of the largest life science instrument manufacturers in the U.S.). We worked with our notified body to gain approval to use both the CE and CSA marks on the instrument, which we received during Q3 2021. Until further notice, we expect to continue to assemble our Barocycler 2320EXT instrument at our South Easton, MA location.

 

We currently manufacture and assemble the Barocycler®, HUB440, HUB880, the SHREDDER SG3, and most of our consumables at our South Easton, MA facility. We will regularly reassess the tradeoffs between in-house assembly versus the benefits of outsourced relationships for of the entire Barocycler® product line, and future instruments.

 

Investment in Equity Securities

Investment in Equity Securities

 

As of June 30, 2023, we held 100,250 shares of common stock of Nexity Global SA, (a Polish publicly traded company).

 

We account for this investment in accordance with ASC 320 “Investments — Debt and Equity Securities.” ASC 320 requires equity investments with readily determinable fair values to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income.

 

As of June 30, 2023, our consolidated balance sheet reflected the fair value, determined on a recurring basis based on Level 1 inputs of our investment in Nexity, to be $83,883. We recorded $20,245 as an unrealized gain during the six months ended June 30, 2023 for changes in market value.

 

Computation of Loss per Share

Computation of Loss per Share

 

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued. For purposes of this calculation, convertible preferred stock, common stock dividends, and warrants and options to acquire common stock, are all considered common stock equivalents in periods in which they have a dilutive effect and are excluded from this calculation in periods in which these are anti-dilutive to our net loss.

 

The following table illustrates our computation of loss per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

  

    2023     2022     2023     2022  
   

For the Three Months Ended

June 30,

   

For the Six Months Ended

June 30,

 
    2023     2022     2023     2022  
Numerator:                                
Net loss attributable to common shareholders   $ (11,114,925 )   $ (3,348,046 )   $ (18,404,566 )   $ (8,019,880 )
Denominator for basic and diluted loss per share:                                
Weighted average common stock shares outstanding     19,471,057       10,462,520       17,629,225       10,029,068  
Loss per common share - basic and diluted   $ (0.57 )   $ (0.32 )   $ (1.04 )   $ (0.80 )

 

 

The following table presents securities that could potentially dilute basic loss per share in the future. For all periods presented, the potentially dilutive securities were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share because these securities would have been anti-dilutive to our net loss. The Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, Series H and H2 Convertible Preferred Stock, Series J Convertible Preferred Stock, Series K Convertible Preferred Stock, Series AA Convertible Preferred Stock, Series BB Convertible Stock and Series CC Convertible Preferred Stock are presented below as if they were converted into common shares according to the conversion terms.

 

    As of June 30,  
    2023     2022  
Stock options     3,420,754       1,307,822  
Convertible debt     7,058,298       6,102,145  
Common stock warrants     15,929,601       16,287,936  
Convertible preferred stock:                
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock     6,250       25,000  
Series G Convertible Preferred Stock     -       26,857  
Series H Convertible Preferred Stock     -       33,334  
Series H2 Convertible Preferred Stock     -       70,000  
Series J Convertible Preferred Stock     -       115,267  
Series K Convertible Preferred Stock     -       229,334  
Series AA Convertible Preferred Stock     8,601,000       8,645,000  
Series BB Convertible Preferred Stock     3,620,000       -  
Series CC Convertible Preferred Stock     4,010,000       -  
      42,645,903       32,842,695  

 

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation Expense

 

We maintain equity compensation plans under which incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options are granted to employees, independent members of our Board of Directors and outside consultants. We recognize stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period using the Black-Scholes formula to estimate the fair value of the stock options on the date of grant.

 

Determining Fair Value of Stock Option Grants

 

The following table summarizes the assumptions we utilized for grants of stock options to the three sub-groups of our stock option recipients during the six months ended June 30, 2023:

 

Summary of Assumptions for Grants of Stock Options

Assumptions   CEO, other Officers and Employees  
Expected life     6.0 (yrs)
Expected volatility     130.5 %
Risk-free interest rate     3.90 %
Forfeiture rate     0 to 5.00 %
Expected dividend yield     0.0 %

 

Valuation and Amortization Method - The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model based on certain assumptions. The estimated fair value of employee stock options is amortized to expense using the straight-line method over the vesting period.

 

Expected Term - The Company uses the simplified calculation of expected life, as the Company does not currently have sufficient historical exercise data on which to base an estimate of expected term. Using this method, the expected term is determined using the average of the vesting period and the contractual life of the stock options granted.

 

Expected Volatility - Expected volatility is based on the Company’s historical stock volatility data over the expected term of the award.

 

 

Risk-Free Interest Rate - The Company bases the risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes valuation method on the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent remaining term.

 

Forfeitures - The Company records stock-based compensation expense only for those awards that are expected to vest. The Company estimated a forfeiture rate of 0% to 5% for awards granted based on historical experience and future expectations of options vesting. The Company used this historical rate as our assumption in calculating future stock-based compensation expense.

 

All of the outstanding non-qualified options had an exercise price that was at or above the Company’s common stock share price at time of issuance.

 

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $135,554 and $32,074 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $1,565,798 and $96,557 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectfully. The following table summarizes the effect of this stock-based compensation expense within each of the line items of our costs and expenses within our Consolidated Statements of Operations:

 

    For the Three Months Ended     For the Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
    2023     2022     2023     2022  
Cost of sales   $ 11,060     $ 2,161     $ 64,541     $ 6,510  
Research and development     35,289       9,395       205,909       28,304  
Selling and marketing     13,426       4,533       85,525       13,583  
General and administrative     75,779       15,985       1,209,823       48,160  
Total stock-based compensation expense   $ 135,554     $ 32,074     $ 1,565,798     $ 96,557  

 

Due to their short maturities, the carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and debt approximate their fair value. The carrying amount of long-term debt approximates fair value due to interest rates that approximate prevailing market rates.

 

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

 

The Company follows the guidance of FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”) as it related to all financial assets and financial liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis.

 

The Company generally defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which classifies the inputs used in measuring fair values. These tiers include Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring the Company to develop its own assumptions. A slight change in an unobservable input like volatility could have a significant impact on fair value measurement.

 

Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company has determined that its financial assets are classified within Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The development of the unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements and fair value calculations are the responsibility of the Company’s management.

 

 

The following tables set forth the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2023:

 

         

Fair value measurements at

June 30, 2023 using:

 
   

June 30,

2023

   

Quoted

prices in

active

markets

(Level 1)

   

Significant

other

observable

inputs

(Level 2)

   

Significant

unobservable

inputs

(Level 3)

 
Equity Securities   $ 83,883     $ 83,883           -           -  
Total Financial Assets   $ 83,883     $ 83,883     $ -     $ -  

 

The following tables set forth the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022:

 

         

Fair value measurements at

December 31, 2022 using:

 
   

December 31,

2022

   

Quoted

prices in

active

markets

(Level 1)

   

Significant

other

observable

inputs

(Level 2)

   

Significant

unobservable

inputs

(Level 3)

 
Equity Securities     63,638       63,638            -            -  
Total Financial Assets   $ 63,638     $ 63,638     $ -     $ -