3) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited interim financial statements of Pressure BioSciences, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) included herein have been prepared by the Company in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Under these rules and regulations, some information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been shortened or omitted. Management believes that all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the financial position and the results of operations for the periods shown have been made. All adjustments are normal and recurring. These financial statements should be read together with the Company’s audited financial statements included in its Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the final results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024.

Use of Estimates

The Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which require the use of estimates, judgements and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. In addition, estimates were made in projecting future cash flows to quantify impairment of assets, fair value of share based awards and investments in equity securities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary in order to make the financial statements not misleading have been included. Actual results could differ from the estimates, and such differences may be material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Intangibles assets as of March 31, 2024 are as follows:

 Schedule of Intangible Assets

Expected amortization expense of intangible assets over the next 2 years is as follows:

Schedule of Expected Amortization Expense of Intangible Assets

Twelve Months ended March 31,

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company accounts for long-lived assets in accordance with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 360, Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets.  This statement requires that long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when the estimated future cash flows from the use of the asset are less than the carrying amount of that asset.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, there were no triggering events related to the customer list for Uncle Bud’s which required an analysis to be performed.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Pressure BioSciences, Inc., and its wholly-owned subsidiaries PBI BioSeq, Inc., PBI Agrochem, Inc., and Uncle Buds Health and Wellness, Inc. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from contract with Customers (“Topic 606”). The following is a summary of the revenue recognition policy for each of the Company’s subsidiaries.

Revenue is recognized under Topic 606, at a point in time and over a period of time, in a manner that reasonably reflects the delivery of its services and products to customers in return for expected consideration and includes the following elements:

The following is a summary of the revenue recognition policy for each of the Company’s subsidiaries PBI BioSeq, Inc. and PBI Agrochem, Inc, we recognize revenue in accordance with FASB ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs—Contracts with Customers. Revenue is measured based on a consideration specified in a contract with a customer and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. We enter into sales contracts that may consist of multiple distinct performance obligations where certain performance obligations of the sales contract are not delivered in one reporting period. We measure and allocate revenue according to ASC 606-10.

We identify a performance obligation as distinct if both the following criteria are true: the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and the entity’s promise to transfer the good or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. Determining the standalone selling price (“SSP”) and allocation of consideration from a contract to the individual performance obligations, and the appropriate timing of revenue recognition is the result of significant qualitative and quantitative judgments. Management considers a variety of factors such as historical sales, usage rates, costs, and expected margin, which may vary over time depending upon the unique facts and circumstances related to each performance obligation in making these estimates. While changes in the allocation of the SSP between performance obligations will not affect the amount of total revenue recognized for a particular contract, any material changes could impact the timing of revenue recognition, which would have a material effect on our financial position and result of operations. This is because the contract consideration is allocated to each performance obligation, delivered or undelivered, at the inception of the contract based on the SSP of each distinct performance obligation.

Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue.

Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are in included in cost of revenues as consistent with treatment in prior periods.

Our current Barocycler® instruments require a basic level of instrumentation expertise to set-up for initial operation. To support a favorable first experience for our customers, upon customer request, and for an additional fee, we will send a highly trained technical representative to the customer site to install Barocyclers® that we sell, lease, or rent through our domestic sales force. The installation process includes uncrating and setting up the instrument, followed by introductory user training. Our sales arrangements do not provide our customers with a right of return. Any shipping costs billed to customers are recognized as revenue.

The majority of our instrument and consumable contracts contain pricing that is based on the market price for the product at the time of delivery. Our obligations to deliver product volumes are typically satisfied and revenue is recognized when control of the product transfers to our customers. Concurrent with the transfer of control, we typically receive the right to payment for the shipped product and the customer has significant risks and rewards of ownership of the product. Payment terms require customers to pay shortly after delivery and do not contain significant financing components.

Revenue from scientific services customers is recognized upon completion of each stage of service as defined in service agreements.

We apply ASC 845, “Accounting for Non-Monetary Transactions”, to account for products and services sold through non-cash transactions based on the fair values of the products and services involved, where such values can be determined. Non-cash exchanges would require revenue to be recognized at recorded cost or carrying value of the assets or services sold if any of the following conditions apply:

We recognize revenue for non-cash transactions at recorded cost or carrying value of the assets or services sold.

We account for lease agreements of our instruments in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. We record revenue over the life of the lease term, and we record depreciation expense on a straight-line basis over the thirty-six-month estimated useful life of the Barocycler® instrument. The depreciation expense associated with assets under lease agreement is included in the “Cost of PCT products and services” line item in our accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Many of our lease and rental agreements allow the lessee to purchase the instrument at any point during the term of the agreement with partial or full credit for payments previously made. We pay all maintenance costs associated with the instrument during the term of the leases.

Deferred revenue represents amounts received from service contracts for which the related revenues have not been recognized because one or more of the revenue recognition criteria have not been met. Revenue from service contracts is recorded ratably over the length of the contract.

Uncle Buds Health and Wellness, Inc. (“Uncle Bud’s”, “UB”)

As part of the acquisition of Uncle Bud’s, the Company analyzed ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers and determined to recognized revenue when control of the product is transferred to the customer and they have assumed the risk of loss, which is typically when it is received by the customer.

UB generated $153,787 of direct-to-consumer (DTC) sales. The Company estimated UB deferred revenue to be approximately $15,000 as of March 31, 2024, which the Company deemed to be nominal.

Additionally, Uncle Bud’s has no future contracts or obligations to the customer to provide future services or expenses whereby future revenue is generated.

Disaggregation of revenue

In the following table, revenue is disaggregated by primary geographical market, major product line, and timing of revenue recognition.

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue 

Contract balances

Schedule of Contract Balances 

Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations

The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period.

Schedule of Future Related to Performance Obligations 

All consideration from contracts with customers is included in the amounts presented above.

Contract Costs

The Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses. The costs to obtain a contract are recorded immediately in the period when the revenue is recognized either upon shipment or installation. The costs to obtain a service contract are considered immaterial when spread over the life of the contract so the Company records the costs immediately upon billing.

Segment Reporting

We organize our business segments based on the nature of the products and services offered. Operating segments are defined as the components of a business which separate financial information is available. In Note 8, the table of financial data, the total of the operating results of these business segments is reconciled, as appropriate, to the corresponding consolidated amount. There are some corporate expenses that were not allocated to the business segments, and these expenses are contained in the “Operating expenses” under Parent.

Our Industrial segment contains the UST, BaroFold and PCT Platforms. Due to our purchase of Uncle Bud’s , the Company analyzed ASC 280-10-50 and determined that Uncle Bud’s qualifies as an operating segment. Our Consumer segment represents the activity of Uncle Bud’s. Uncle Bud’s offers products direct-to-consumer online and through major retail chains.

Based on the above, management has determined to report under the following segments:

Goodwill

Goodwill is recorded as the excess, if any, of the aggregate fair value of consideration exchanged for an acquired business over the fair value (measured at the acquisition date) of total net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired. Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized but are tested for impairment on an annual basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable. We first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. If the qualitative assessment determines it is necessary, we will perform a quantitative impairment test shall be used to identify goodwill impairment and measure the amount of a goodwill impairment loss to be recognized (if any).

We are required to identify our reporting units and determine the carrying value of each reporting unit. We analyze financial information of our operations to identify discrete segments that constitute a reporting unit. We assign assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations to those reporting units. We are required to determine the fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount of the reporting unit. To the extent the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, we would be required to book an impairment loss.

All assessments of goodwill impairment are conducted at the individual reporting unit level. As of March 31, 2024, the only reporting unit with goodwill is Uncle Bud’s.

We determined no impairment of our goodwill occurred for the period ended March 31, 2024.

Concentrations

Credit Risk

Our financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, and trade receivables. We have cash investment policies which, among other things, limit investments to investment-grade securities. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers, and the risk with respect to trade receivables is further mitigated by the fact that many of our customers are government institutions, large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, and academic laboratories.

The following table illustrates the level of concentration as a percentage of total revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Schedule of Customer Concentration Risk Percentage 

The following table illustrates the level of concentration as a percentage of net accounts receivable balance as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Top Five Customers category may include federal agency receivable balances if applicable.

Investment in Equity Securities

As of March 31, 2024, we held 100,250 shares of common stock of Nexity Global SA, (a Polish publicly traded company).

We account for this investment in accordance with ASC 320 “Investments — Debt and Equity Securities”. ASC 320 requires equity investments with readily determinable fair values to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income.

As of March 31, 2024, our consolidated balance sheet reflected the fair value, determined on a recurring basis based on Level 1 inputs of our investment in Nexity, to be $66,031. We recorded $4,155 as an unrealized gain during the three months ended March 31, 2024 for changes in market value.

Computation of Loss per Share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued. For purposes of this calculation, convertible preferred stock, common stock dividends, and warrants and options to acquire common stock, are all considered common stock equivalents in periods in which they have a dilutive effect and are excluded from this calculation in periods in which these are anti-dilutive to our net loss.

The following table illustrates our computation of loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

Schedule of Computation of Loss Per Share 

The following table presents securities that could potentially dilute basic loss per share in the future. For all periods presented, the potentially dilutive securities were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share because these securities would have been anti-dilutive to our net loss. The Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, Series AA Convertible Preferred Stock, Series BB Convertible Preferred Stock, Series CC Convertible Preferred Stock and Series DD Convertible Preferred Stock are presented below as if they were converted into common shares according to the conversion terms.

Schedule of Anti-Dilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share 

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation Expense

We maintain equity compensation plans under which incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options are granted to employees, independent members of our Board of Directors and outside consultants. We recognize stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period using the Black-Scholes formula to estimate the fair value of the stock options on the date of grant.

Determining Fair Value of Stock Option Grants

The following table summarizes the assumptions we utilized for grants of stock options to the three sub-groups of our stock option recipients during the three months ended March 31, 2024:

 Summary of Assumptions for the Grants of Stock Options

Valuation and Amortization Method - The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model based on certain assumptions. The estimated fair value of employee stock options is amortized to expense using the straight-line method over the vesting period.

Expected Term - The Company uses the simplified calculation of expected life, as the Company does not currently have sufficient historical exercise data on which to base an estimate of expected term. Using this method, the expected term is determined using the average of the vesting period and the contractual life of the stock options granted.

Expected Volatility - Expected volatility is based on the Company’s historical stock volatility data over the expected term of the award.

Risk-Free Interest Rate - The Company bases the risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes valuation method on the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent remaining term.

Forfeitures - The Company records stock-based compensation expense only for those awards that are expected to vest. The Company estimated a forfeiture rate of 5% for awards granted based on historical experience and future expectations of options vesting. The Company used this historical rate as our assumption in calculating future stock-based compensation expense.

All of the outstanding non-qualified options had an exercise price that was at or above the Company’s common stock share price at time of issuance.

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $240,292 and $1,430,244 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The following table summarizes the effect of this stock-based compensation expense within each of the line items of our costs and expenses within our Consolidated Statements of Operations:

 Schedule of Stock Based Compensation Expense

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Due to their short maturities, the carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and debt approximate their fair value. The carrying amount of long-term debt approximates fair value due to interest rates that approximate prevailing market rates.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company follows the guidance of FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”) as it related to all financial assets and financial liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis.

The Company generally defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which classifies the inputs used in measuring fair values. These tiers include Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring the Company to develop its own assumptions. A slight change in an unobservable input like volatility could have a significant impact on fair value measurement.

Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company has determined that its financial assets are classified within Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The development of the unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements and fair value calculations are the responsibility of the Company’s management.

The following tables set forth the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2024:

 Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

The following tables set forth the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023: